[Ręcznie nakręcany gramofon Berlinera]
Berliner Emil, *20 May 1851 Hanover, †3 August 1929 Washington, a German-born American electrical engineer. In 1887, he invented the gramophone, which made it possible to record sound on discs with a spirally cut groove. He introduced a recording method in the form of a groove cut laterally to the axis of the stylus, a system still used in phonography today. He also initiated the production of shellac records, enabling the mass duplication of recordings.